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- $Unique_ID{BRK04228}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Spasmodic Torticollis}
- $Subject{Spasmodic Torticollis Spasmodic Wryneck Torticollis Tonic Spasmodic
- Torticollis Clonic Spasmodic Torticollis Mixed Tonic and Clonic Torticollis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 213:
- Spasmodic Torticollis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Spasmodic Torticollis) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Spasmodic Wryneck
- Torticollis
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- Tonic Spasmodic Torticollis
- Clonic Spasmodic Torticollis
- Mixed Tonic and Clonic Torticollis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Spasmodic Torticollis is a tonic or intermittent spasm of the neck
- muscles resulting in rotation and tilting of the head which is often painful.
- There are three different varieties of the disorder:
-
- Tonic, causing sustained turning of the head to one side, due to increased
- asymmetric muscle tone in one or more neck muscles, Clonic, causing shaking
- movements of the head, and Mixed Tonic and Clonic, involving both kinds of
- movement.
-
- The cause of this disorder which affects both males and females is usually
- unknown.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Onset of Spasmodic Torticollis usually occurs in the 4th or 5th decades of a
- person's life. The first symptoms may appear gradually with the head tending
- to rotate to one side when a person tries to keep it straight or during a
- stressful situation. The symptoms may slowly progress, but they often reach
- a plateau after 2 to 5 years. Five to 10% of patients with Torticollis
- experience a spontaneous recovery, usually within 5 years after onset. This
- recovery seems to be more common in those patients whose condition began
- before 40 years of age and in those with a milder form. The disorder can
- recur after apparent remission.
-
- In some cases, the patient experiences pain which is generally focused on
- one side and in one place. This varies from person to person, however. Pain
- may occur on the side of the neck, in the back, or in the shoulder. One
- shoulder may be higher than the other, and the arm or hand of the affected
- side may occasionally have tremors or cramping. Spasmodic Torticollis is
- often diminished or absent in the morning for a short time (10 minutes to 4
- hours) upon awakening. Lying on their back provides relief for many
- patients.
-
- Causes
-
- In most cases, the cause of Spasmodic Torticollis is unknown. However,
- underlying psychological disturbances, basal ganglia (specific interconnected
- gray masses deep in the cerebral hemispheres and in the upper brainstem)
- disease, central nervous system infections, or tumors in the bones or soft
- tissues of the neck may occasionally be implicated. Some people with
- neuropsychiatric disorders may also have Spasmodic Torticollis, although they
- are a small minority.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Onset of Spasmodic Torticollis is generally in the 4th or 5th decades of
- life. It affects people of both sexes and all nationalities equally.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Torsion Dystonia is an hereditary disorder which causes patients to develop
- repetitive twisting and writhing involuntary movements including the muscles
- in the neck. (For more information on this disorder, choose Torsion Dystonia
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- No treatment for Spasmodic Torticollis works for every patient. Medications
- which are sometimes effective include:
-
- Clonopin (clonazepam) and Valium (diazepam), anticonvulsants and muscle
- relaxants
- Artane (trihexyphenidyl) and Kemadrin (procyclidine hydrochloride),
- anticholinergics
- Lioresal (baclofen), a muscle relaxant
- Tegretol (carbamazepine), an anticonvulsant and analgesic
- Elavil (amitriptyline hydrochloride), an antidepressant
- Symmetrel (amantadine hydrochloride), an antiviral compound
- Miscellaneous: other drugs such as Reserpine, Parlodel, Sinemet, Triavil
- and Lithium.
-
- Physical therapy may be helpful in relieving spasm pain. Wearing a
- cervical collar or orthopedic device to straighten the neck or reduce the
- spasms is usually not effective.
-
- Surgery is not usually beneficial, but it may sometimes be beneficial in
- severe cases. Electrical nerve stimulation through the skin by TENS
- (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) may relieve pain. Pain control
- may also sometimes be achieved by means of biofeedback, nerve blocks or
- relaxation techniques.
-
- Supportive counseling often helps the patient to understand and cope with
- the disorder. An occupational therapist may be able to aid patients in
- improving mobility and comfort.
-
- The orphan drug botulinum A toxin was approved by the FDA for treatment
- of patients with certain forms of dystonia, including Spasmodic Torticollis
- and Torsion Dystonia. This drug is manufactured by Allergran
- Pharmaceuticals, 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA, 92713.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The use of electronic spinal implants on people with Spasmodic Torticollis is
- being studied with the hope of improving motor function in some individuals.
- A double blind controlled study on 300 patients using an electronic orphan
- device is being conducted by Neuromed, Inc., of Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
- Patients wishing to participate in the FDA approved clinical trials should
- contact:
-
- Mr. William F. Jackson
- Clinical Affairs Manager
- Neuromed, Inc.
- 5000 Oakes Road
- Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314
- 800-327-9910
-
- The NIH is giving botulinum injections to persons who qualify for the
- program. To see if you qualify for this study, contact Suzanne at Dr. Mark
- Hallet's office, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 5N22, 9000
- Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, (301) 496-1561.
-
- Porton Products Limited, 816 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 20006,
- has received orphan product designation from the FDA for Clostridium
- Botulinum Type F Neurotoxin, a treatment of Spasmodic Torticollis.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Spasmodic Torticollis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Spasmodic Torticollis Association, Inc.
- 13545 Water Town Plank Rd.
- P.O. Box 476
- Elm Grove, WI 53122-0476
- (800-HURTFUL) (487-8385)
-
- Dystonia Medical Research Foundation
- 8383 Wilshire Blvd.
- Beverly Hills, CA 90211
- (213) 852-1630
-
- Dystonia Medical Research
- 1 E. Wacker Dr., Suite 2900
- Chicago, IL 60601-2098
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- International Tremor Foundation
- 360 W. Superior St.
- Chicago, IL 60610
- (312) 664-2344
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 1290.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 2150.
-
-